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3-5
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PS1.A: Structure of matter (includes PS1.C Nuclear Processes)
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Matter exists as particles that are too small to see, and so matter is always conserved even if it seems to disappear. Measurements of a variety of observable properties can be used to identify particular materials.
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3-5
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PS3.B: Conservation of energy and energy transfer
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Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form.
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6-8
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PS1.A: Structure of matter (includes PS1.C Nuclear Processes)
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The fact that matter is composed of atoms and molecules can be used to explain the properties of substances, diversity of materials, states of matter, phase changes, and conservation of matter.
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6-8
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PS3.B: Conservation of energy and energy transfer
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Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter.
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9-12
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PS1.A: Structure of matter (includes PS1.C Nuclear Processes)
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The sub-atomic structural model and interactions between electric charges at the atomic scale can be used to explain the structure and interactions of matter, including chemical reactions and nuclear processes. Repeating patterns of the periodic table reflect patterns of outer electrons. A stable molecule has less energy than the same set of atoms separated; one must provide at least this energy to take the molecule apart.
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9-12
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PS3.B: Conservation of energy and energy transfer
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Systems move toward stable states.
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